Objective To explore the expression relationship and significance of intramedullary IL-4 and CD34 in rabbit VX2 bone tumors. Methods Thirty Japanese white rabbits were divided into experimental group and control group with 15 rabbits each by random number method. In the experimental group, the left tibia was implanted with VX2 tumor tissue through the tibial plateau to make a bone tumor model. The control group adopted the same operation method but did not implant the VX2 tumor tissue. Closed biopsy was used to extract the bone marrow of the left proximal tibia 7 days and 14 days after operation, and the levels of IL-4 and CD34 in all specimens were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). At the same time, 14 days after operation, tibia tissue was taken for histopathological examination after execution. Results 30 rabbits were successfully modeled and included in the study. On the 7th day after operation, the intramedullary IL-4 and CD34 contents of rabbits were significantly higher than those before operation, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). On the 14th day after the operation, the IL-4 and CD34 levels were significantly higher than those on the 7th day after the operation. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The pathology showed that the tumor tissue was in the tibial marrow cavity in the bone tumor model group 14 days after the tumor was implanted. Significant tumour growth with tumour cells visible in the bone cortex. Conclusion Within 14 days of modeling rabbit VX2 bone tumor animal model, as the tumor proliferates rapidly, the body's anti-tumor immune function is gradually inhibited, which is manifested by the increased expression of IL-4 and CD34.