Objective: To evaluate the influences of ventilator assisted ventilation on plasma level of D-dimer and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in children with acute lung injury (ALI). Methods: 60 ALI children were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 30 children in each group. The children in control group were treated with conventional therapy, the children in observation group were also given ventilator assisted ventilation on the basis of conventional therapy. The plasma D-dimer and NT-proBNP level, with SpO ₂ and oxygenation index (OI) before, 7d after treatment of children in 2 groups were recorded; as well as the curative effects after 7-day treatment were evaluated. Results: The total effective rate of observation group was 93.33% (28/30), which was obviously higher than control group (73.33%, P<0.05). The SpO ₂ and OI of children in 2 groups after treatment were obviously higher than that before treatment, plasma D-dimer and NT-proBNP level after treatment were obviously lower (P<0.05). Moreover, the improvement of aboving indexes of ALI children in observation group were obviously better than control group (P<0.05). The plasma D-dimer and NT-proBNP level of ALI children were negatively correlated to OI (r=-0.796, -0.651, P<0.05). Conclusions: Plasma D-dimer and NT-proBNP level were closely correlated with the severity of ALI children. Ventilator assisted ventilation can significantly improve the therapeutic effect of ALI children, which may be related to decrease plasma D-dimer and NT-proBNP level.