Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of TLR8, TRPM8 and Bach2 and postoperative recurrence of Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Methods A total of 120 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps who underwent endoscopic surgery in Anyang Regional Hospital of Puyang City from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected. After 1 year of operation, the postoperative recurrence was counted, and 6 cases were lost. According to the severity of the disease, they were divided into mild group (Lund-Mackay score <4 points, n = 19), moderate group (Lund-Mackay score 4-15 points, n = 17), and severe group (Lund-Mackay score >15 points, n = 13). The expressions of TLR8, TRPM8 and Bach2 in the two groups were compared, and the correlation between the three and the recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps after endoscopic surgery was analyzed. Results The expression levels of TLR8, TRPM8, Bach2 and inflammatory factors in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the mild group, the expression levels of TLR8, TRPM8, Bach2 in the moderate group and the severe group were higher than those in the mild group (P<0.05). Compared with the moderate group, the expression levels of TLR8, TRPM8 and Bach2 in the severe group were higher than those in the moderate group (P<0.05). Compared with the severe group, the mild group had significantly lower expression levels of TLR8, TRPM8 and Bach2 (P<0.05). The levels of TLR8 and TRPM8 in patients with recurrent chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps after endoscopic surgery were positively correlated (r=7.964, P=0.006). The levels of TLR8 and Bach2 were positively correlated (r=10.640, P=0.001). The levels of TRPM8 and Bach2 were positively correlated (r=7.142, P=0.009). The levels of TLR8, TRPM8 and Bach2 were positively correlated with the recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps after endoscopic surgery (P<0.05). Conclusion There is a certain correlation between the recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps after endoscopic surgery and the expression of TLR8, TRPM8 and Bach2, which are highly expressed in the disease.