Objective: To investigate the changes of calcium channel Cav1.3 protein expression in hippocampus of chronic cerebral ischemia rats. Methods: 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, ischemia 7 days group and ischemia 14 days group. The chronic cerebral ischemia rats’ model was established by blocking left vertebral artery and common carotid artery on both sides. Nissl’s staining was used to observe the morphology of neurons in hippocampus CA1 region,Western Blot to detect calcium channel Cav1.3 protein expression in hippocampus. Results: Compared with 7 days group, the pathological changes of neurons in hippocampus CA1 region of rats in 14 days group markedly aggravated. With prolongation of ischemic time, the calcium channel Cav1.3 protein expression obviously decreased. Conclusions: Chronic cerebral ischemia may affect the normal function of hippocampal neurons by decreasing the expression of calcium channel Cav1.3 protein in hippocampus.