Objective To explore the effect of miR-708 on the cure rate and survival rate of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the prognostic markers. Methods Blood samples of 90 children who had been diagnosed with ALL and of 20 healthy children were collected; qRT-PCR detection technology was used to detect the expression level of miR-708 in all blood samples; the unpaired t-test was used to analyze the relationship between the two groups correlation; the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of miR-708 in children with ALL; the Kaplan-Meier survival curve method was used to evaluate the prognostic survival of miR-708 expression level in children with ALL. Results Compared with blood samples from healthy children, the expression of miR-708 in children ALL blood samples was significantly up-regulated(P<0.001); the ROC curve showed that the area under the curve, that is, the AUC value was 0.882, indicating that miR-708 had a good diagnostic potential in children's ALL; Kaplan-Meier survival curve suggested that overexpression of miR-708 was associated with poor prognosis. Conclusion miR-708 is significantly up-regulated in the blood of childhood ALL patients, and can be used as an effective marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of childhood ALL.