Objective: To explore the clinical value of treponema pallidum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TP-ELISA) and rapid plasma reactin ring card test (RPR) in diagnosis of Treponema pallidum infection. Methods: Treponema pallidum infection was detected by treponema pallidum particle assay (TPPA), TP-ELISA and RPR in 193 suspected Treponema pallidum infection patients, and the diagnostic value of TP-ELISA and RPR was evaluated by taking the results of TPPA as gold standard. Results: In 193 suspected Treponema pallidum infection patients, TPPA confirmed 156 cases. The S/CO value of TP-ELISA test and antibody titer of RPR test in Treponema pallidum infection positive patients were all obivously higher than Treponema pallidum infection negative patients (P<0.05). The sensitivity and negative predictive value of TP-ELISA in diagnosis of Treponema pallidum infection were significantly higher than RPR, while the omission diagnostic rate was significantly lower (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in specificity, misdiagnosis rate and positive predictive value between TP-ELISA and RPR in diagnosis of Treponema pallidum infection (P>0.05). The consistency between TP-ELISA and TPPA in diagnosis of Treponema pallidum infection was 0.950, and that between RPR and TPPA was 0.531. Conclusions: Compared with RPR test, the sensitivity of TP-ELISA in diagnosis of Treponema pallidum infection is high and can reduce missed diagnosis, so it is worthy of clincial application.