Objective To explore the differences in curative effect between biological amnioscope and corneal bandage lens in autologous free conjunctival flap transplantation for pterygium. Methods The related data of 161 patients (169 affected eyes) with pterygium who were admitted to the hospital from June 2017 to October 2019 were collected. All patients were treated with autologous free conjunctival flap transplantation. Patients treated with biological amnioscope, corneal bandage lens and those not treated with any auxiliary materials were included in amnioscope group (n=51, 54 affected eyes), corneal bandage lens group (n=54, 55 affected eyes) and the control group (n=56, 60 affected eyes). The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal condition before and after surgery and the therapeutic effect were compared among the three groups. Results BCVA of all groups significantly increased three months after surgery, while the corneal topographic surface asymmetry index, corneal astigmatism and surface regularity index significantly decreased (P<0.05). Three months after surgery, the order of BCVA in the three groups from high to low was as follows: the corneal bandage lens group, the amnioscope group, the control group. The order of corneal topographic surface asymmetry index, corneal astigmatism and surface regularity index from low to high was as follows: the corneal bandage lens group, the amnioscope group, the control group (P<0.05). The differences in surgical effects among the three groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The recurrence rates in the corneal bandage lens group and the amnioscope group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant between the corneal bandage lens group and the amnioscope group (P>0.05). Conclusion The curative effect of autologous free conjunctival flap transplantation with corneal bandage lens and biological amnioscope is better than that of simple autologous free conjunctival flap transplantation in the treatment of pterygium. The former can promote rapid recovery from corneal wounds, and reduce corneal astigmatism after surgery. Besides, the effect of corneal bandage lens is the best.