Objective: To study the effects of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) Erlotinib on curative effects and survival rate of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with different mutants of EGFR gene. Methods: 72 cases of advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR positive mutations were divided into study group (n=33) and control group (n=39) according to mutations in exon 19 or 21 of EGFR gene. All the patients were treated with Erlotinib Hydrochloride Tablets orally till disease progression or death. The short-term clinical effective rate, time to progression (TTP) and one-year survival rate of patients in 2 groups were compared. Results: The short-term clinical effective rate, one-year survival rate and average TTP of patients in study group were all obviously higher than control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The curative effects and survival rate of NSCLC patients with exon 19 mutation were better than NSCLC patients with exon 21 mutation when treating NSCLC with EGFR-TKI Erlotinib. Which suggests that detection of different mutants of EGFR gene may be helpful in formulating individualized therapeutic regimen and predicting the therapeutic effect of EGFR-TKI Erlotinib.