Objective: To analyze the risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in intensive care unit (ICU), and provide basis for decreasing the incidence of VAP. Methods: 119 patients in ICU that need assisted mechanical ventilator were divided into VAP group and non-VAP group according to VAP diagnostic criteria, and the risk factors of VAP were analyzed. Results: In 119 patients, the incidence of VAP was 32.77% (39/117). There was no statistically significant difference about sex, age and smoking history between VAP group and non-VAP group (P>0.05). There had statistically significant difference about mechanical ventilation time, invasive operation, combined using of antibiotics, emergency surgery history, history of blood transfusion, using of acid inhibitor, APACHEⅡ score between VAP group and non-VAP group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that mechanical ventilation time, invasive operation, using of acid inhibitor and APACHEⅡ score (≥15) were risk factors for VAP. Conclusions: The clinicians should take effective measure to deal with the risk factors of VAP, so to reduce the incidence of VAP and death rate of patients in ICU.