Objective To investigate the changes of soluble TLR2 (sTLR2) and TLR4 (sTLR4) in serum of hospitalized children with bronchopneumonia and lobar pneumonia. Methods A total of 50 hospitalized children with bronchopneumonia and lobar pneumonia was collected at Department of Pediatrics of NO.2 Clinical Teaching Hospital of Chengde Medical University from November 2021 to January 2022. Meanwhile, 9 healthy children who received physical examination were also collected and set as the control group at the same period. The levels of sTLR2 and sTLR4 in serum of hospitalized children with bronchopneumonia and lobar pneumonia and healthy children were determined using enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Result sLevel of sTLR4 in hospitalized children with lobar pneumonia which caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) was higher than those of control group (P<0.05) and level of sTLR2 appeared significantly dynamic characteristics (P<0.05). Levels of sTLR2 and sTLR4 in hospitalized children with bronchopneumonia which caused by M. pneumoniae were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05). Compared with hospitalized children with lobar pneumonia which caused by M. pneumoniae, level of sTLR2 was significantly higher and level of sTLR4 was significantly lower in hospitalized children with bronchopneumonia which caused by M. pneumoniae (P<0.05). Compared with hospitalized children with sole bronchopneumonia which caused by non-M. pneumoniae, levels of sTLR2 and sTLR4 were significantly higher in hospitalized children with combined bronchopneumonia which caused by non-M. pneumoniae (P<0.05). Conclusion Levels of sTLR2 and sTLR4 in serum of children with bronchopneumonia and lobar pneumonia appear higher expression manner. The levels of sTLR2 and sTLR4 in serum have certain value in judging types of pneumonia and assessing illness condition for clinicians.